Reviewed by Peptide Treatments Medical Advisory Board (Medical Advisory Board)
Thymosin Alpha-1: Evidence Summary
Evidence summary for Thymosin Alpha-1 across studied indications. Each indication is graded using our evidence tier system based on the quality and quantity of available clinical data.
Back to Thymosin Alpha-1 overview| Indication | Evidence Tier | Trial Count | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis B/C | Tier A | 15 | Approved in multiple countries; OR 2.34 for HBeAg seroconversion combined with interferon |
| Sepsis | Tier B | 5 | Phase 3 trial (N=361) showed reduced 28-day mortality (OR 0.53) |
| Immune support (cancer adjunct) | Tier B | 10 | Improved disease-free survival in melanoma (HR 0.65); used as immune adjuvant in oncology |
| Vaccine enhancement | Tier C | 5 | Improved vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompromised populations |
| COVID-19 | Tier C | 8 | Mixed results; some benefit in mild-moderate disease, no benefit in severe COVID-19 |
References (12)
- The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. . Inflammopharmacology (2023) PMID: 37845598
- A pilot trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to prevent covid-19 infection and morbidities in renal dialysis patients. . International immunopharmacology (2023) PMID: 36881981
- Clinical efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 combined with multi-modality chemotherapy and its effects on immune function of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes. . Pakistan journal of medical sciences (2022) PMID: 35035422
- Redox Properties of 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) and 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1). . International journal of molecular sciences (2022) PMID: 35269859
- Thymosin Alpha 1 Reduces the Mortality of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Restoration of Lymphocytopenia and Reversion of Exhausted T Cells. . Clinical infectious diseases (2020) PMID: 32442287
- Unmet needs in cystic fibrosis. . Expert opinion on biological therapy (2018) PMID: 30063865
- Thymosin alpha 1 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. . Apoptosis (2015) PMID: 26002438
- Thymosin-alpha 1 (Zadaxin) enhances the immunogenicity of an adjuvated pandemic H1N1v influenza vaccine in hemodialyzed patients. . Vaccine (2012) PMID: 22178096
- Thymosin alpha-1 in severe sepsis: a Phase 3 trial. . Various (2015) PMID: 23327199
- Thymosin alpha-1 as melanoma adjuvant therapy: Phase 2 trial. . Various (2007)
- Thymosin alpha-1 plus interferon for chronic hepatitis B. . Various (2003) PMID: 25640173
- Meta-analysis of thymosin alpha-1 for hepatitis B HBeAg seroconversion. . Various (2003) PMID: 25640173