Reviewed by Peptide Treatments Medical Advisory Board (Medical Advisory Board)

NAD+: Evidence Summary

Evidence summary for NAD+ across studied indications. Each indication is graded using our evidence tier system based on the quality and quantity of available clinical data.

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Indication Evidence Tier Trial Count Summary
Cellular aging Tier B 8 Growing human trial evidence for NMN/NR supplementation
Energy metabolism Tier B 6 Consistent improvements in mitochondrial function markers
Neuroprotection Tier C 5 Preclinical data strong, human data emerging

References (5)

  1. Age-associated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide decline drives CAR-T cell failure. . Nature cancer (2025) PMID: 40394194
  2. Phages reconstitute NAD . Nature (2024) PMID: 39322677
  3. LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD . Cell reports (2024) PMID: 38636518
  4. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Rescues Cellular Senescence by NAD . International journal of molecular sciences (2022) PMID: 36499074
  5. Macrophage de novo NAD . Nature immunology (2019) PMID: 30478397