Reviewed by Peptide Treatments Medical Advisory Board (Medical Advisory Board)

Insulin: Evidence Summary

Evidence summary for Insulin across studied indications. Each indication is graded using our evidence tier system based on the quality and quantity of available clinical data.

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Indication Evidence Tier Trial Count Summary
Type 1 diabetes Tier A 200 Life-sustaining; DCCT showed 76% retinopathy reduction with intensive control
Type 2 diabetes Tier A 300 UKPDS showed 12% reduction in diabetes-related death
Diabetic ketoacidosis Tier A 50 Standard of care — IV insulin infusion protocol
Hyperkalemia Tier A 20 IV insulin + glucose is standard of care for acute hyperkalemia

References (6)

  1. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development of long-term complications in IDDM — The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group . New England Journal of Medicine (1993) PMID: 8366922
  2. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment — UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group . Lancet (1998) PMID: 9742976
  3. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes — The ACCORD Study Group . New England Journal of Medicine (2008) PMID: 18539917
  4. Efficacy and safety of degludec vs glargine in type 2 diabetes — Marso SP, et al. . New England Journal of Medicine (2017) PMID: 28605603
  5. Intensive insulin and hypoglycemia mortality: systematic review — Multiple authors . Diabetes Care (2019)
  6. Insulin analogs versus human insulin: systematic review — Multiple authors . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012) PMID: 17410596